What does the term "equalization" refer to in diving?

Equalization refers to the process of balancing pressure in the ears and sinuses as a diver descends to greater depths. As a diver goes underwater, the pressure around them increases, which can create discomfort or pain in the ears and sinuses due to the difference in pressure between the inside of the body and the ambient water pressure. To equalize, divers often use techniques such as the Valsalva maneuver or the Frenzel maneuver, which help to open the Eustachian tubes and allow air to flow into the middle ear, equalizing the pressure. This is essential for maintaining comfort and preventing injury, such as barotrauma, during a dive. Understanding and performing equalization properly is critical for safe diving practices.